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''Il paria'' (''The Outcast'') is an opera in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti from a libretto by Domenico Gilardoni, based on ''Le Paria'' by Casimir Delavigne and Michele Carafa's ''Il paria'' with a libretto by Gaetano Rossi. Completed in the winter of 1828, it was first performed on 12 January 1829 at the Teatro San Carlo, Naples. The opera had modest success, with six performances〔Stanley-Little 2009, p. 72〕 and Donizetti was not satisfied. In a letter to his father he announced his intentions to revise it,〔Verzino, Edward Clement (19 January 1829), ("Contribution to a biography of Gaetano Donizetti; letters and unpublished documents" ): "Ho dato l'opera e fui chiamato fuori, io però dico che ho sbagliato in qualche sito, e lo proverò coll'aggiustarla: mi conosco!" Bergamo: Carnazzi, 1896, p. 50〕 but the idea was abandoned. The scholar William Ashbrook, has called this work "Donizetti's finest achievement up to this point",〔Ashbrook 1982, pp. 309—312〕 praising the adhesion of the vocal writing to the dramatic situations and the sense of proportions, stressing in particular the use of a quartet instead of the classic final. According to Ashbrook, the limited luck of ''Paria'' is due in large part to the libretto, with its numerous dramatic flaws, and lack of a final decisive dramaturgy. Some portions were re-used in other works by Donizetti, including ''Anna Bolena'', ''La romanziera e l'uomo nero'', ''Torquato Tasso'', and ''Le duc d'Albe'', 〔 as well as in ''Il diluvio universale''.〔Pardo, Daniel, ("Donizetti: ''Il Diluvio Universale''" ), ''Opera Today'' 11 December 2005. Retrieved 23 December 2013〕 == Roles == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Il paria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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